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The diffusion of knowledge is an important determinant of economic development. International trade has been established as a key mechanism in facilitating diffusion. The rise of global value chains (GVCs) has transformed trade in recent years. Yet the role of GVCs in giving rise to knowledge spillovers remains under-explored. In this paper, we study the elasticity of industry-level total factor productivity (TFP) to technology that is imported through intermediate trade in GVCs. To do so, we combine novel input–output decomposition methods with recent insights from the literature on the factor content of trade. We focus on a panel of 32 countries and 39 sectors over the 2000–2014 period using WIOD and OECD data. We find that domestic TFP is elastic to knowledge flows arising from GVCs and that the magnitude of this effect is larger relative to all other knowledge flows. We also find that GVC participation is particularly conducive to technology upgrading in countries that are far away from the technology frontier, and that GVC-related spillovers persist over large geographical distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I examine whether competition from domestic industry rivals affects firms' proclivity to undertake foreign direct investment (FDI) and their country location choices. I find that competition affects foreign production decisions and the geography of international investments. While firms enduring stiffer competition are significantly less likely to undertake FDI, this effect is heterogeneous across firms. Competition deters FDI more strongly when costs are heavier, whereas it has weaker effects when efficiency is higher, growth opportunities are valuable, and cash reserves are higher. FDI location models suggest that when going abroad, firms facing stronger competition are more likely to pursue economies of productivity and taxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the predicament of sustainable improvement in traditional cities, the low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCPP), as a novel development mode, provides thinking for resolving the tensions of green development, resource conservation and environmental protection among firms. Using Chinese A-share listed companies panel data during 2007–2019, this study adopts the difference-in-differences model to explore the impact of LCCPP on firm green innovation. Based on theoretical analysis, LCCPP-driven environmental rules have the impact of encouraging business green innovation. The relationship between LCCPP and green innovation is strengthened by external media attention and organizational redundancy resources. The mechanism study shows that the incentive effect of LCCPP on firm green innovation is mainly due to the improvement of enterprises' green total factor productivity and financial stability. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the LCCPP has significantly positive effects in promoting green innovation in high-carbon industries and state-owned enterprises. This research contributes to the understanding of city-level low-carbon policies as a driving force for corporate green innovation, offering practical implications for policymakers and businesses striving for sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the logistics industry's green total factor productivity (LGTFP) is a key source of power to achieve its high-quality development (HQD) in China. Technological innovation (TI) and environmental regulation (ER) policies are vital factors that affect the improvement of LGTFP. Although the impact of ERs or TI on LGTFP has been extensively researched, few studies have examined their combined effect. This study utilizes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces during 2006-2020 to estimate LGTFP using the Epsilon-based measure and global Malmquist-Luenberger index. Moreover, this study employs a dynamic spatial Durbin model to explore the influence of TI on LGTFP and its spatial spillovers, as well as the modulatory effect of ER in the relations between TI and LGTFP. The results show that (1) China's LGTFP displays positive spatial spillovers and is influenced by the preceding period's level. (2) In the short term, an improvement in TI levels had a positive effect on local LGTFP, but negative spillovers on neighboring districts. Nevertheless, in the long run, an improvement in TI levels had a notably negative influence on local LGTFP but positive spillovers on adjacent regions. (3) ER had an "inverted U-shaped" modulatory roles with spatial spillovers on the relations between TI and LGTFP in the long-term. These discoveries offer valuable insights into the coordinated development of TI systems and ER policies, enabling the formation of a policy system that aligns with the logistics industry's HQD in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By utilizing the center of gravity-standard deviation ellipse, kernel density estimation, and GeoDetector, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of China's agricultural green TFP and the dynamic evolution law of its distribution in different regions based on the provincial-level related input-output data of China's agriculture from 2001 to 2020. It also investigates the factors that affect its spatial differentiation. We find that (1) China's agricultural green TFP, which has a long-term upward trend and an average annual growth rate of 3.21% between 2001 and 2020, is mostly fueled by technological advancements in the field of agriculture. (2) Agricultural green TFP tends to move eastnorthward, and its spatial distribution is gradually expanding, showing a northeast-southwest pattern. (3) Agricultural green TFP in the country as a whole and the three major food regions has increased over the study period, with absolute differences within the country gradually narrowing, and cities with higher agricultural green TFP within the regions approaching the average, and the polarization phenomenon easing. (4) The main determinants of the spatial divergence of green TFP in agriculture are the replanting index, agricultural output per capita, and the degree of financial support for agriculture. The strength of the interactions between the various factors is significantly greater than the explanatory power of any one factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the systematic GMM and intermediation model, the impact of China's direct investment on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries are examined from the data of 48 countries during the period of 2008-2019. The results show that China's direct investment can significantly contribute to GTFP in BRI countries through the mediating mechanisms of scale, structural and human capital effects. Of these, the main one is the scale effect. In addition, the scale, structural and human capital effects all positively moderate the green driving effect of China's direct investment in BRI countries, while the technology effect weakens the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches on the Porter hypothesis have paid more attention to the effect of the external constraint force of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity (GTFP), while ignoring the effect of internal force of market competition on GTFP. Using the panel data of Chinese manufacturing industries, this paper measures China's GTFP with the global frontier MML index which is based on the EBM model. The paper then studies the effect of environmental regulation and market competition on GTFP. The combined effect of environmental regulation and market competition on enhancing GTFP is further investigated. The results are as follows: 1) The GTFP of the manufacturing industry has progressed during the study period and the progress of green technology plays a crucial role in promoting GTFP improvement. 2) The environmental regulation and market competition both have an obvious nonlinear effect of U-type on GTFP. Relying solely on the external constraint force of environmental regulation or the internal force of market competition does not promote the improvement of GTFP quickly. 3) As for the combined effect, improving market competition is beneficial to the positive effect of environmental regulation on GTFP. Market competition and environmental regulation show a significant combined positive effect, accelerating the arrival of environmental regulation inflection point. Thus the rapid improvement of GTFP requires the combined effect to be effectively exerted. However, only when the level of environmental regulation is strong or the level of market competition is high can a combined positive effect appear. The conclusion provides China with a meaningful reference for better implementing the policy of environmental regulation and market-oriented reforms to promote green economic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual property is crucial for the development of firms. At the micro level, firm comprehensive intellectual property ability involves abilities about intellectual property creation, utilization, protection, and management. In order to develop the comprehensive intellectual property ability of firms, the China National Intellectual Property Administration began to implement the national intellectual property demonstration advantage firm (NIPDAF) policy in 2013. Based on this exogenous policy shock, using data from listed companies from 2011 to 2020 as the research sample, the time-varying DID method is used to test the impact of the NIPDAF policy intended to cultivate comprehensive intellectual property ability on firm productivity. The results show that after policy implementation, the total factor productivity of NIPDAFs increased by about 3.3% compared to the control group. This finding is robust after a series of tests. Furthermore, the NIPDAF policy promotes firm productivity through stimulating technology innovation, improving investment efficiency, and enhancing competitive advantage. In addition, the NIPDAF policy has a more significant incentive effect on the total factor productivity of non-state-owned enterprises, firms in the eastern region, and firms in patent intensive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing prominence of climate and energy issues, enterprises, as the micro-subjects of economic activities, need to pay attention to environmental responsibility to promote sustainable and high-quality economic development. However, one of the crucial controversies is whether enterprises will sacrifice efficiency to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. To try our best to answer the controversy, this paper explores the impact of ESG on total factor productivity and its mechanism. The research conclusion shows that Chinese enterprises fulfilling ESG responsibilities can improve staff efficiency, reduce financing costs, ease financing constraints, and increase innovation investment, thus effectively improving total factor productivity. Compared to non-state-owned enterprises, this effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the promotion of ESG construction on the total factor productivity of enterprises also presents specific acceleration characteristics. This shows that in the socialist market economy environment, there is an obvious "social responsibility dividend" in the implementation of the ESG concept by Chinese enterprises, which is helpful to enhance their long-term value and realize a win-win of social value and commercial value. The conclusions of this study help deal correctly with the relationship between business value and social value of enterprises and provide inspiration for promoting healthy and sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cariprazine—the only single antipsychotic drug in the market which can handle all symptoms of bipolar I disorder—involves trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amine as a key structural element. In this work, production of trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines was investigated applying transaminases either in diastereotope selective amination starting from the corresponding ketone or in diastereomer selective deamination of their diasteromeric mixtures. Transaminases were identified enabling the conversion of the cis-diastereomer of four selected cis/trans-amines with different 4-substituents to the corresponding ketones. In the continuous-flow experiments aiming the cis diastereomer conversion to ketone, highly diastereopure trans-amine could be produced (de > 99%). The yield of pure trans-isomers exceeding their original amount in the starting mixture could be explained by dynamic isomerization through ketone intermediates. The single transaminase-catalyzed process—exploiting the cis-diastereomer selectivity of the deamination and thermodynamic control favoring the trans-amines due to reversibility of the steps—allows enhancement of the productivity of industrial cariprazine synthesis. Stereoselective production of trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines—including a key intermediate in the synthesis of antipsychotic drug cariprazine—remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a process catalyzed by a single transaminase to produce trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines from the corresponding cis/trans-diastereomeric mixtures via a cis-deamination approach in continuous-flow, to achieve a dynamic cis-to-trans isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the number of senior citizens has grown, along with the burden of old age, and aging has hampered economic growth. The advent of the digital age has led to the emergence of the digital economy as a new engine for economic growth. This paper uses DEA-Malmquist index model to measure the total factor productivity growth rate of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, and uses the moderating effects model to empirically investigate the relationship between the digital economy, aging and total factor productivity, and to verify whether the development of the digital economy can mitigate the negative impact of aging on total factor productivity. The results show that aging inhibits total factor productivity growth, and the digital economy can promote total factor productivity growth. Digital economy can alleviate the negative impact of aging on total factor productivity growth, and has a moderating effect. Digital economy plays a moderating role by improving the level of human capital and facilitating technological progress. The regional heterogeneity analysis shows that the moderating effect of the digital economy exists in the eastern and western regions and the southern region, but not in the central region and the northern region. Furthermore, the digital economy has a moderating effect on both the high and low aging groups. The research in this paper not only helps to evaluate the productivity effects of the digital economy, but also has important implications for finding ways to mitigate the negative effects of aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that if the total factor productivity A of an aggregative economy is right at the barrier $ \sigma +\lambda $ σ + λ , with σ being the growth rate of labor force and λ the real interest rate, then the unique policy to optimally control the economy is the same as the one for optimally controlling weak economies, where $ A \lt \sigma +\lambda $ A < σ + λ. This result gives a complete answer for the interesting open question raised by Vu Thi Huong in her recent paper [Optimal economic growth problems with high values of total factor productivity. Appl Anal. 2022;101:1315–1329]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of the agricultural carbon emission reduction effect of digital rural construction offers a promising path towards achieving dual carbon goals. This study establishes an evaluation system for digital rural construction and analyzes its impact on agricultural carbon emissions using various creative techniques including panel fixed effects, mediation effects, threshold effects, and spatial Durbin models based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2021.It is found that: (1) The impact of digital rural construction on agricultural carbon emissions exhibits a "inverted U-shaped" pattern, with a nonlinear effect on emissions through promoting agricultural green total factor productivity and adjusting agricultural structure.(2) Digital rural construction has both promoting and inhibiting effects on agricultural carbon emissions, both locally and in adjacent areas. It also demonstrates a threshold effect, with rural human capital as the sole threshold. Once the threshold value 8.830 is surpassed, the agricultural carbon emission reduction effect becomes prominent.(3)Digital rural construction has a dual effect on local agricultural carbon emissions in terms of both promoting and then restraining the emissions, which has a spatial spill-over effect in the neighboring areas. This study contributes to our understanding of carbon reduction pathways by highlighting the comprehensive utilization of digital rural construction and expanding research on the dynamic context of its impact on carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving agricultural total factor productivity is crucial for comprehensive rural revitalization and building a strong agricultural nation. Digital inclusive finance amalgamates the benefits of digital technology and inclusive finance, mitigating financial exclusion in agricultural production. It fosters rural revitalization and the modernization of agriculture by bolstering farmers' innovation, entrepreneurship, and agricultural technology advancements. Consequently, it significantly enhances overall agricultural total factor productivity. This study uses panel data from 2011 to 2020 to empirically investigate the impact and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province, China. The research results show that digital inclusive finance significantly enhances agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province, which holds true even after a series of robustness tests. Analysis of the mechanism reveals that the integrated development of rural industries plays a crucial mediating role in empowering agricultural total factor productivity through digital inclusive finance. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity is more pronounced in the northeastern region of Zhejiang Province and in areas ranked in the second tier of agricultural development. Therefore, we recommend comprehensively enhancing the development of digital inclusive finance in rural areas, fostering a financial ecosystem that integrates rural industries, promoting the coordinated development of digital inclusive finance in different regions, and comprehensively improving agricultural total factor productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of renewable energy consumption, total factor productivity (TFP), income, imports, and exports on consumption-based CO2 emissions in Turkey from 1990 to 2019, utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) method. The findings indicated that the use of renewable energy, total factor productivity and exports negatively influence CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the positive impact of income and imports on CO2 emissions was found. The negative impact of renewable energy consumption and total factor productivity highlights the importance of implementing environmentally friendly measures in the energy sector (particularly raising the proportion of renewable energy in overall energy consumption) and technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift towards digitalization is fundamentally transforming societies and changing lives. Meanwhile, many African countries are lagging behind on the dividends of accelerated digital technologies to address their developmental challenges. This is partly because of the dearth of evidence demonstrating how technological integration impacts on economic growth and poverty reduction. By relying on panel data for the period 2011–2021, this study empirically estimates the degree to which ICT adoption contributes to South Africa's economic competitiveness along four indicators: boosting productivity, accelerating business growth, increasing government operational efficiency, and creating opportunities for people. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. The findings indicated a strong positive correlation between the application of digital technologies and the improvement of business operations welfare improvement, and GDP growth. The findings suggest to policymakers the need to prioritize interventions that drive investment in digital infrastructure. Given the net positive effects of ICT innovations, it is also recommended that policymakers focus on building the ICT skills of South Africans, while ensuring a business-friendly environment that enables fast digital penetration in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leveraging a reform that assigns central inspectorates to local units in China to oversee industrial land transactions, this study examines the effects of unleashing the local government's influence on land prices using a difference-in-differences design. Our research provides compelling evidence that the reform leads to an additional 50% increase in industrial land prices and significantly enhances the productivity of local industrial firms. The rise in land prices can be attributed to an increase in market-oriented transactions. Additionally, we discover an improvement in the quality of new entrants and a reduction in resource misallocation following the reform. By demonstrating the positive externalities of central supervision on local government intervention in the industrial land market, our findings suggest that, in certain cases, central inspection can mitigate distorting behaviors of the local government in input markets. This, in turn, facilitates the screening of productive entrants and hinders investments by unproductive incumbents, thereby improving the overall productivity of economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Resource-based theory and Internal Control (IC) theory, this study elucidates the impacts of corporate digital transformation on total factor productivity, and IC effectiveness, as well as the mechanism among digital transformation, IC and total factor productivity. The results show that digital transformation promotes total factor productivity and IC effectiveness. And effective IC has a significant mediating effect for the impact of digital transformation on total factor productivity. Heterogeneity discussion shows that compared with high-tech enterprises, in non-high-tech ones, digital transformation increases total factor productivity, and more significantly enhances IC effectiveness, presenting a mechanism that digital transformation facilitates IC, and increases total factor productivity. For non-high-tech enterprises, with higher heterogeneity of executive education backgrounds, digital transformation promotes IC effectiveness and total factor productivity, showing the transmission effect among digital transformation, IC and total factor productivity. Finally, it is suggested that the regulatory authorities advance digital infrastructure construction, to reinforce IC and risk prevention, thereby increase total factor productivity. And enterprises grasp the opportunity of digital economy development, promote the mechanism that digital transformation facilitates IC effectiveness, and increases total factor productivity. Non-high-tech ones motivate digital elements' governance efficacy, optimize executive structure, coordinately promote digital strategy, and help the national economy acquire high-quality development. The study provides enlightenments to achieve high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the ongoing implementation of the "dual carbon" goal, research has focused on the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives on green innovation. However, few studies have analyzed in depth the mechanisms of ESG impact on green total factor productivity (green TFP). Here, we explored the impact of ESG performance on green TFP, green technical efficiency, and green technological progress using A-share listed companies in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2011 to 2021. The results show that good ESG performance can significantly improve the green TFP of enterprises, and that this effect is more prominent in industries with lower environmental risks and enterprises in the growth and maturity stages. We identified the importance of the psychological account path and propose that the promotional effect of ESG performance on green TFP mainly derives from improving green technical efficiency, rather than from expanding green technological boundaries. These findings have practical implications for guiding companies to implement ESG concepts, strengthening the synergistic role of government regulation and professional supervision, and promoting micro-level implementation of innovation-driven and sustainable development strategies, thereby promoting high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental regulations are important means to influence manufacturing enterprise green development. However, there are two completely different conclusions both in theoretical and in empirical research, namely the "Follow Cost" theory and the "Porter Hypothesis". The nonlinear mechanism needs to be considered. Therefore, this study aims to explain the threshold impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on enterprise green total factor productivity. Environmental regulations are divided into different sub-categories, then based on the panel data of 1220 Chinese manufacturing listed companies from 2011 to 2020, this paper uses threshold regression model to examine the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on Chinese manufacturing enterprise Green Total Factor Productivity. The empirical results show that: (1) Command-controlled, market-incentive and voluntary-agreement environmental regulation all have a significant nonlinear impact on enterprise Green Total Factor Productivity. (2) Enterprise R&D investment plays a threshold role in the impact. (3) There are industry and equity type differences in the impact process. This study focuses on the micro level of enterprises and tests the threshold mechanism, which make some theoretical complement to previous researches. The research results are not only beneficial for the government to propose appropriate environmental regulatory policies, but also for enterprises to achieve green growth through heterogeneous R&D investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thrust of this paper is to unravel the role of perceived motivation and workers' productivity in educational sectors. By its objectives, It will show the importance of motivation to employees, It will reveal the strategies likely to motivate employees for better work results. To achieve the purpose of this study, one research question was posed, and one null hypothesis was generated. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of seven hundred and ninety-two (792) respondents out of eight thousand one hundred and twelve (8112) administrative staff being the population was randomly selected from this study. The selection was done through the stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established using the Cronbach-Alpha reliability method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was the statistical analysis techniques adopted in the study. The hypothesis was subjected to testing at 0.05 level of significance with relative degrees of freedom. The results of the findings revealed that, there is a positive relationship between medical services as motivational factor and workers' productivity. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that management of all educational sectors should ensure that they build a healthy public policy, zero bills, subsided medical services as motivational package for efficient and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated high rate of inflation and adult workers' productivity in Southern senatorial district of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the stated objectives of the study, four research questions and four research hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. The survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 225 was drawn from the population of 2.250 workers using simple random sampling technique. An instrument titled: High rate of inflation and adult workers' productivity questionnaire (HRIAWPQ). The hypotheses were analyzed using pearson product moment correlation coefficient and tested at 0.05 level of significance and 223 degrees of freedom. It was discovered that rise of food items, rise of fuel price, rise in transportation and rise in manufacture goods significantly relate to workers' productivity. Insecurity in the work place, high inflation rate are powerful factors influencing workers' productivity and performance in their workplace. It was recommended among others that the government should reduce the cost of purchasing power of people by regulating market prices to cushion the effect of buying power of the Naira. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on total factor productivity (TFP) in the European mining industry, considering micro- and macroeconomic indicators of the relationship between CSR and TFP. Employing data from 40 European mining companies from content analysis, CSR Hub, and the World Bank between 2018 and 2021, this paper utilizes a combination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and panel regression techniques to test the research hypotheses. The findings suggest that the TFP of European mining firms is positively affected by CSR initiatives implemented by the companies. Also, the empirical results depict that the CSR-TFP relationship is mainly established on institutional criteria. The results also indicate that CSR-related factors, namely, transparency and reporting, training, health and safety, and resource management, are the impacting indicators. The study broadens the horizons of this line of research and can be beneficial to CEOs, managers, experts, policymakers, decision-makers, and economists in the field of mining who are willing to promote responsible and sustainable mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new normal period, the trend changes and adjustments of the environment such as international trade, production capacity, labor supply and resource constraints have put forward new requirements for China's industrial development, which have brought new challenges and given new opportunities. In the new normal stage where economic growth continues to decline, industrial growth is still an important support for economic growth. The advancement of industrial technology is the main driving force for improving the total factor productivity of the industrial industry. Therefore, the most important thing to promote industrial growth is to upgrade the level of industrial technology. In response to the above-mentioned problems, this paper analyzed the relationship between industrial technology and industrial output in the new normal environment by using the BP neural network (BPNN) algorithm. The connection between the two has been found, which provided a clear direction for the functional adjustment of economic law. Experimental studies have shown that there is a positive relationship between industrial technological progress and industrial output. When other conditions are the same, and when the non-new normal is selected, industrial output increases by about 0.36% for every 1% increase in industrial technological progress. When choosing to be in the new normal, industrial technological progress has a higher impact on industrial output. For every 1% increase in technological progress, industrial output increases by about 0.39%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's industrial sector generally relies on electricity as its main source of energy, and industrial production can be affected if there are problems with the electricity supply. In order to deal with the uncertain electricity supply and achieve the "dual carbon" target, the industrial sector needs to take effective measures to enhance carbon total factor productivity (CTFP). We use the biennial Luenberger productivity index (BLPI) to try to provide strategies for low-carbon industrial development in China. The results indicate that the overall CTFP of China's industrial sector showed an increasing trend from 2006 to 2019. Technology change was the main contributor to the change in CTFP, but fluctuations in efficiency change remained a challenge. Differences were observed between the light industry sector (LIS) and the heavy industry sector (HIS) in terms of changes in CTFP, with LIS showing more stable changes and HIS experiencing larger fluctuations. Most sub-sectors showed increased CTFP during the sample period. R&D investment and R&D personnel have a positive impact on CTFP, while energy structure is found to hinder CTFP. According to the research results of this study, we offer the corresponding policy implications. This study is the first to explore the balance between low-carbon goals and industrial production from the perspective of improving CTFP, providing a new viewpoint on the contributions of technological innovation to solving socio-economic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehension of the textbook and augmented Solow growth model has been studied to picture the consequences of workforce growth and capital. In the age of digitalization, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is also the first necessity identified factors affecting labor productivity. This paper revisits the augmented Solow growth equation by integrating ICT as an explanator that improves labor productivity in Southeast Asian emerging economies. We used a Two‐Way Random‐Effects Model to regress the impact of workforce growth rate, physical capital, and human capital on labor productivity. The results show that using human capital is essential to improve output in emerging market countries rather than only using physical capital. According to our adjusted ICT factors, our analysis reveals that using the Internet and mobile cellular significantly boosts labor productivity. Moreover, the analysis of total factor productivity shows that most Southeast Asian economies highly depend on implementing ICT, especially the contribution of Internet usage and mobile cellular. Therefore, this study contributes to further studies and policy recommendations in improving the introduction of Internet usage and installation, especially for the emerging Southeast Asian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information technology has created conducive conditions for the digital economy. The digital economy is regarded as a critical pathway for transforming traditional economic models. Green total factor productivity serves as an indicator for assessing the quality of economic development. During pivotal periods of economic transition, the digital economy and green total factor productivity have emerged as two prominent themes for achieving sustainable economic development. But the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity is less discussed. Innovation environment refers to a confluence of conditions shaped by factors such as talent, funding, cultural atmosphere and government policies, all of which collectively support innovative activities within a region. The institutional environment encompasses the aggregate of economic, political, social, and legal rules. Currently, there is little discussion on bringing innovation environment and institutional environment into the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity. To fill the research gap, this paper adopts the Slack based measure-Directional distance function model and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to measure green total factor productivity in each region based on the panel data collected from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2019. Generalized Method of Moments method is constructed to carry out an empirical study on the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity. This paper constructs a panel threshold model with innovation environment and institutional environment as threshold variables. In further analysis, this paper employs panel quantile regression for the empirical analysis of the impact of the digital economy on green total factor productivity. Further analysis elucidates the evident disparities in the influence of the digital economy on green total factor productivity at various levels. The research results can provide a guide for discussing the green value of the digital economy and its role in fostering the development of a green economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the rapid development of digital economy and the urgency of green development, more studies focus on the relationship between digital economy and green development. However, the existing research focuses on the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity, ignoring digital technology, which is a key technology for improving efficiency to achieve green development. Exploring the impact of digital technologies on green total factor productivity helps to understand the impact of digital economic development on green development from an internal perspective of the digital economy. This paper uses an SBM-GML index to measure regional green total factor productivity based on provincial level data and innovatively constructs digital technology indicators based on micro-level ICT patent data in China. Fixed-effects model is used to study the impact of digital technology on green total factor productivity and moderating model is used to examine the moderating effect of capital accumulation. The results indicate that: (1) At the national level, digital technology is conducive to the improvement of green total factor productivity, and the result passes the robustness test. From a dynamic long-term impact perspective, the effect of digital technology development on green total factor productivity is showing an increasing trend. (2) Digital technology's effect on green total factor productivity is heterogenous. The results of the subregional heterogeneity analysis indicate that the effect is greater in the coastal regions and southern regions. The results of the heterogeneity analysis of the external environment indicate that the effect is greater in regions with smaller economies, regions with lower external economic dependence, and regions with lower government fiscal intervention. (3) Capital accumulation has moderating effect in the process of digital technology affecting green total factor productivity which will inhibit the improvement of digital technology development on green total factor productivity. Based on the conclusions, to better utilize the role of digital technology in promoting green development, it is necessary for the government to build a digital technology exchange platform, promote the balanced development of digital technology, and expand domestic demand to reduce the dependence on capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second wave of industrialization at the end of the last century brought the attention of researchers to the effect of more energy usage and its effects on environmental degradation. It was also highlighted in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals (2015) that environmental degradation threatens humans' well-being unless countries use environment-friendly production processes. The present study has used the Malmquist- Luenberger Index (MLI) to estimate the environmental efficiency of the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region for the period 1990 to 2019. The estimated results showed that the environmental efficiency of APAC countries declined by 0.36%, on average, in the studied period. The results also highlighted that the Republic of Korea has the highest total factor productivity (TFP) output growth rate in the APAC region. In contrast, Lao People's DR and the Maldives have the lowest TFP. Conditional, unconditional, and Club convergence tests are also tested for the APAC region. The results also suggested that convergence in environmental efficiency is conditional on trade openness, industrial growth, and energy prices. Some policies are also suggested for the APAC region at the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Robust infrastructure is essential to enhance urban productivity and support urban development. • Transportation infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting economic agglomeration. • Information infrastructure promotes urban productivity through labor mobility and agglomeration effects. • The promotion effect on urban productivity in eastern regions and megacities is more obvious. • Transportation and information infrastructure have positive spatial spillover effects on urban productivity. Improving total factor productivity is an important driving force for achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 256 cities in China from 2009 to 2019, this paper investigates the effect of transportation and information infrastructure on urban productivity. The results show that transportation and information infrastructure promote urban productivity, and the effect in eastern regions and megacities is more obvious. The mechanism analysis shows that transportation infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting economic agglomeration, and information infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting labor mobility, economic agglomeration, financial agglomeration and industrial agglomeration. The spatial spillover effect shows positive spatial autocorrelation of urban productivity. Transportation and information infrastructure have significant positive spatial spillover effects on urban productivity. China should continue to promote the construction of transportation infrastructure, strengthen investment in information infrastructure, and promote the joint construction, sharing, coordination and integration of transportation and information infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Examine how the cross-border M&As strategies adopted by Chinese listed firms are affected by host countries' GVC embeddedness. • Firms are more likely to conduct large-scale M&As when a host country has higher backward GVC embeddedness and a relatively lower position within GVC. • Host countries' capital intensities, total factor productivity, and labor productivity moderate firm M&A location preferences along GVC. The global value chain (GVC) position of a host country is an important benchmark for firms from home countries to determine their degree of embeddedness within the chain and implement corresponding internationalization strategies. Although there have been a certain number of existing studies related to GVC from various aspects, the links between a host country's GVC embeddedness and firm-level cross-border activities stemming from home countries are surprisingly unexplored in the current literature. This study fills this gap and applies the feasible generalized least squares model to examine how the cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) strategies adopted by Chinese listed firms from 2005 to 2015 are affected by host countries' GVC embeddedness, with particular reference to their forward and backward embeddedness as well as the degree of participation along GVC. It is found that Chinese firms are more likely to conduct large-scale cross-border M&As when a host country has higher backward GVC embeddedness and a relatively lower position within GVC. This conclusion remains robust after considering alternative indices, sample range adjustments, and issues of self-selection bias. Further empirical discussions show that the Belt and Road Initiative results in more balanced M&A structures. Additionally, it is empirically demonstrated that host countries' capital intensities, total factor productivity, and labor productivity moderate Chinese firm M&A location preferences along GVC. This paper has far-reaching policy implications for the internationalization strategies adopted by Chinese firms and offers important insights into how firms could effectively utilize cross-border M&As to conduct optimal international investments around the globe. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• During 1993–2018, market services grew at a faster rate than non-market services. • Applying Domar weights we observed that transport and storage was the highest contributor among market services industries, while public administration has made relatively higher contribution to aggregate non-market services TFP growth. • TFP growth in manufacturing has a significant positive effect on TFP growth of both market services and non-market services. • Market services TFP growth is positively impacted by a spillover effect of TFP growth in India's trade partners. The services have been the driver of India's overall growth since the onset of economic reforms in the 1990s. The value-added share of services increased from 41 percent in 1990 to 53 percent in 2018. On average, the sector grew at 7.5 percent annually during 1993–2018, contributing to about half of the aggregate economic growth. Using the India KLEMS data, we examine the trends in total factor productivity (TFP) in individual industries within services and their contribution to aggregate TFP growth in the sector during 1993–2018. We find that transport and storage was the highest contributor among various market services industries followed by financial services, while public administration made a relatively high contribution to aggregate non-market services TFP growth. Moreover, we investigate the factors driving TFP growth in the services sector, particularly the role of manufacturing TFP – looking into spillover effect from manufacturing to market services and non-market services. Our results suggest that TFP growth in manufacturing had a significant positive impact on TFP growth in the services sector. Also, we find evidence of significant productivity spillover effect to India's services sector from other countries, particularly the developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging economies (EMEs) often ignore effective mitigation strategies for persistent climate changes to prioritise growth acceleration. This paper shows that they cannot sustain their economic growth due to the adverse impact of temperature rise on total factor productivity (TFP). Using a standard growth model, it demonstrates how temperature rise and variation for growing carbon emissions reduce capital productivity along with the damage to ecosystem services and labour productivity, adversely impacting total factor productivity (TFP) of an individual economy. A cross-sectional augmented auto-regressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL), which addresses the issues of endogeneity, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence with stochastic trends, has been applied to 21 EMEs over the period from 1990 to 2018 and reveals a strong negative impact of temperature rise on total factor productivity. Although EMEs have heterogeneous impacts across the countries depending upon their climatic zones and income levels, one degree increase in temperature, on average, has decreased the TFP by approximately 3.22 per cent. It is much higher in the extreme climatic zones and less developed economies. • Temperature rise and its variation for raising carbon emission reduce capital productivity along with ecosystem services and labour productivity, adversely impacting total factor productivity (TFP). • The cross-sectional augmented auto-regressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL), which addresses endogeneity, cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, has been applied to 21 emerging markets and developing economies for 1990 to 2018 and reveals a strong negative impact of temperature rise on total factor productivity. • One-degree increase in temperature, on average, reduces the TFP by approximately 3 per cent. • The temperature rise has heterogeneous and non-linear impacts on TFP across countries in geo-climatic locations. • Two extre-climatic zones are worse-affected than the moderate-climatic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of related and unrelated variety on total factor productivity (TFP) in Poland. Based on dynamic panel data regression results for Polish regions in 2003-2019, we find the positive effect of related variety and the strong negative effect of unrelated variety on TFP. This implies that regions with high related and low unrelated variety optimize TFP. Using the estimated TFP values, we tested for TFP convergence to the technological frontier using convergence tests that take into account significant differences in technological advancement across regions. We reject TFP convergence for all regions, but we find evidence of regional club convergence. The results of the convergence tests obtained for the simulation variants indicate that changes in related and unrelated variety structures may lead to the formation of convergence clubs with the regional technological leader. Furthermore, the changes primarily in related variety structures lead to the convergence of some regions to the regional technological frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the urban human settlements of 21 megacities and supercities from 2011 to 2020 in China and improve urban human settlements planning and management. First, the data envelopment analysis (DEA)–Malmquist–Tobit model is used to conduct a static and dynamic evaluation of the efficiency of urban human settlements and analyze the main factors that affect it. Then, the coupling coordination degree model is utilized to quantitatively evaluate the coupling coordination degree between urban human settlements and high-quality economic development. Finally, the GM (1, 1) model is established to predict each city's average input–output index during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. It is hoped that this paper could promote sustainable urban development. The empirical results are as follows: (1) the technical efficiency (TE) from CRS DEA of human settlements in China's megacities and supercities is low. Management and technology are the shortcomings in the development of urban human settlements; (2) total factor productivity (TFP) has shown negative growth. Technical progress efficiency (TC) is the key to improving the efficiency of urban human settlements; (3) urban infrastructure has the most significant role when promoting the efficiency of urban human settlements; (4) the coupling degree between the efficiency of human settlements and high-quality economic development is mainly high-level coupling. The degree of coordination is gradually rising; and (5) during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the investment in human settlements in both types of cities will continue to increase. With the continuous expansion of investment, the output will be imbalanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the productivity effects for domestic suppliers from joining and exiting the value chains of foreign-owned multinational enterprises (MNEs). Our econometric analysis is based on firm-to-firm transactions recorded in the value-added tax declarations' data from Estonia and use of propensity score matching and difference-in-difference regression approach. The treatment analysis based on period 2015–2019 suggests that starting to supply the foreign-owned firms initially boosts the value added per employee of the domestic firms, including the effects on the scale of production and the capital–labor ratio. These first linkages to the foreign-owned MNEs do not affect the total factor productivity (TFP) of domestic firms, suggesting that the TFP effects take time to materialize. We find no significant positive effects on the second-tier suppliers: the positive effects are limited to the first-tier suppliers with direct links to foreign-owned firms. One novel result is the evidence that the productivity of suppliers does not fall, on average, after decreasing or ending supplier relationships with the foreign-owned firms. However, this average effect hides significant heterogeneity. Domestic firms with prior high levels of productivity and those at the time of exit from the MNE relationship start to export, gain in productivity in next periods, whereas the firms with low prior productivity levels lose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kaynak temelli yaklaşım bileşenleri ve tedarik zinciri çevikliği arasındaki ilişki araştırılmaktadır. Öğrenme yönelimi, teknoloji yönelimi, özümseme kapasitesi ve tedarik zinciri çevikliği birer boyut olarak ele alınarak bu çalışma kapsamında aralarındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Anket yöntemi kullanılarak Türkiye’de imalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 289 işletmenin üst ve orta düzey yöneticilerinden veriler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler öncelikle güvenirlik ve geçerlilik testlerine tabi tutulmuş ve sonuçları paylaşılmıştır. Daha sonrasında ise araştırma hipotezleri test edilmiş ve ulaşılan sonuçlar sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Öğrenme yönelimi, teknoloji yönelimi, özümseme kapasitesi ve tedarik zinciri çevikliği arasındaki doğrusal ilişkileri test eden hipotezler ile birlikte özümseme kapasitesinin aracılık etkisinin incelendiği hipotezler, yapılan analizler neticesinde kabul edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Literatürde, çalışmada kullanılan kaynak temelli yaklaşım bileşenleri ile tedarik zinciri çevikliği arasındaki ilişkide özümseme kapasitesinin aracı rolünü inceleyen bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın ulaştığı sonuçlar ile literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Objective: Six Sigma-SS and the DMAIC-Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control cycle are employed to enhance the success of the launch of a new built-in oven with a digital panel. Method: Following the define and measure phases, to identify and eliminate potential failures, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis-FMEA is conducted and control plans were composed during the analyse phase. In the improvement phase, the Risk Priority Numbers-RPNs obtained through FMEA and recommendations were listed. Using Design of Experiments-DOE, the lifespan of bulbs in ovens was maintained at the target value while reducing procurement costs. In the control phase, the results of validation experiments and the gains were reported. Findings: After reporting the RPNs related to high-risk failure modes and providing improvement recommendations, DOE and Analysis of Variance were employed to determine which type of oven and brand of bulb could be used. If implemented, the expected annual savings are approximately 20,000 Euros. Originality: This article focuses on an integrated approach for a product that is set for a new launch. It aims to improve design and production processes using the SS while also targeting cost reduction in procurement processes. To the best of our knowledge, no similar study has been encountered in the literature.

Purpose: This study analyses the relationship between capital structure and profitability levels of manufacturing industry companies operating in Türkiye between the years 2006-2020. Methodology: The relationship between capital structure and the profitability of Turkish manufacturing industry companies was analyzed using the standard error estimator proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). In this context, sub-panel data models were created. Findings: The findings showed that capital structure changes (short-term debt, long-term debt, and total debt) in the manufacturing industry are negatively related to both return on assets and return on equity. Originality: It is thought that this study will contribute to the existing literature in terms of better understanding the relationship between the changes in the capital structure decisions of the manufacturing industry companies operating in Türkiye, both their return on assets and their return on equity, taking into account their sub-sectors.

Purpose: The main goal of this study is to rank the operational performance variables used in aviation according to their importance levels and to measure the operational performance of international aviation institutions. Methodology: An extended intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method with maximum deviation is used in criterion weighting and performance measurement, which is relatively new and has no use case in aviation. Findings: According to the results obtained in the study, it is understood that the total airport movements controlled among the variables used in the operational performance evaluation are the criterion with the highest importance. DSNA (France), ENAIRE (Spain), and DHMI (Türkiye) are in the top three in the best operational performance rankings. Originality: The operational performance variables offered by EUROCONTROL have been tested for the first time with the extended intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method.

Purpose: This paper’s purpose is to deepen our understanding of what drives bottom-up operations strategy formation – that is, continuous improvement activities at the front line – with a particular focus on operations strategy understanding. That way, it aims to contribute to the awareness of management quality in manufacturing – a cornerstone of national competitiveness. Methodology: We examine the antecedents of individual Kaizen generation by frontline employees, drawing on the well-established Motivation-Opportunity-Ability framework and focusing on the dimension of ability – that is, understanding operations strategy. Survey data on 217 frontline employees, working in 17 teams on 11 different production lines, were “triangulated” with their team leader assessments and the plant’s archival records. We tested the hypothesized relationships via analyses that incorporate both structural equation modeling and multiple regression techniques. Findings: Our results suggest that employees typically overestimate their understanding of the plant’s operations strategy and that productivity is driven more by an objective than a subjective understanding of that strategy. We also find that incremental innovation is facilitated by supervisor support, employee engagement, and an employee suggestion scheme; in contrast, neither autonomy nor selected control variables (e.g., age or seniority) has a significant effect. Originality: Our findings and the unique metrics we developed for better management of strategy understanding should help managers increase the productivity of their operations and thus the competitiveness of their respective firms.

Purpose: This study aims to examine how government incentives affect SME employment in Türkiye's manufacturing sector. Methodology: The dataset used in this study was derived from a survey conducted by a privately owned London-based company with the assistance of Türkiye's Ministry of Industry and Technology. Ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares regression techniques were used to analyze the relationship between government incentives and employment. Findings: In the analysis, we found that between 2013 and 2016, jobs were created by Turkish manufacturing SMEs with the use of state assistance. Firm-level characteristics, including firms' age, capacity utilization rate, and innovative activities, were also found to have a substantial impact on SME employment. Originality: Our study is the first to examine the impact of incentives on employment in manufacturing SMEs in Türkiye using a micro dataset administered to 10.063 manufacturing firms by the Ministry of Industry and Technology.

Purpose: The main purpose is to understand the microeconomic foundations of the South Korean miracle through careful analysis and a realistic equilibrium model. Methodology: The paper constructs a simple equilibrium model where productivity growth is endogenous to (i) human capital, (ii) the country’s distance to the global technology frontier, and (iii) the level of urban agglomeration. The paper identifies and calculates unobserved productivity terms using various observed variables from South Korean national accounts for the post-1960 period. The paper then presents the structural estimates of the model parameters and the results of the decomposition analysis. Findings: While the South Korean economy was initially using a backward technology, it became an innovation economy in the early 1980s. Structural estimates show that urban agglomeration is not statistically significant in the South Korean case. Finally, a decomposition analysis shows that, in the early 1960s, human capital and distance to the frontier made similar contributions to productivity growth. Originality: The model economy has two sectors. Technology in the modern sector exhibits Constant Returns to Scale, but traditional technology is constrained by Decreasing Returns to Scale. In addition, both the technology adoption regime and the innovation regime can be represented by the same mathematical function, and the article is therefore theoretically original.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye itfaiye teşkilatının verimliliğini artırmada etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve analiz edilmesidir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 13 itfaiye daire başkanı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğiyle nitel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. İtfaiye daire başkanlarının cevaplayacağı sosyodemografik bilgiler ile sağlık bilgileri standart formatta hazırlanmış ardından ‘İtfaiye teşkilatlarının verimliliklerini artırmak için görüş ve önerileriniz nelerdir’ açık uçlu sorusu, yöneltilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda verimlilik artırma adına 26 farklı öneri ortaya çıkmış ve içerikleri bakımından değerlendirilerek 7 konu başlığı (ekipman, bütçe, mevzuat, insan kaynakları yönetimi, iş birliği, standadizasyon, organizasyon) altında toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, itfaiye daire başkanları tarafından; itfaiye teşkilatlarının verimliliğinin artırılmasına yönelik belirlenen 26 farklı öneri incelenmiştir. Bu faktörler arasında, itfaiye teşkilatlarında standardizasyonun sağlanması, itfaiye personeline yönelik mesleki düzenlemelerin yapılması, itfaiye personeli norm kadro sayılarının belirlenmesi ve bu kadrolarda doluluk zorunluluğunun uygulanması, nitelikli itfaiye personeli yetiştirilmesi için itfaiye akademilerinin açılması, afetlerde müdahale konusunda itfaiye teşkilatlarının öncülük rolünü üstlenmesi ve son olarak itfaiye kanununun oluşturulması en çok vurgulanan faktörlerdir. Bu faktörlerin iyileştirilmesiyle Türkiye'deki itfaiye teşkilatlarının verimliliğinin artacağı düşünülmektedir. Özgünlük: Türkiye'deki itfaiye teşkilatları hakkında yapılan literatür çalışmaları, verimlilik üzerine odaklanırken, itfaiye daire başkanlarının görüşlerine dayanan bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın, itfaiye teşkilatlarının verimliliğini artırmak amacıyla politika yapıcıların düzenlemeler yapması ve stratejiler belirlemesi için bir kaynak olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of service innovation and service value creation capability on the digitalization process on a firm scale. Methodology: The 1-7-point Likert-type measurement scale was administered to tourism enterprise managers and operational staff. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) modeling was used to analyze the relationships among the following constructs: service innovation capability, service value creation capability, and effect on digitalization. Three types of service facilities were considered: Hospitality, Food & Beverage (F&B), and health care. Descriptive analysis and model structure were analyzed on SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3.0 respectively. Findings: The relationship between service value creation capability and digitalization service innovation capability and service value creation capability, and service value creation capability and digitalization is supported, as all other constructed hypotheses respectively. Originality: This study is one of a limited number of studies that have empirically addressed service innovation capability and value creation capability relations with digitalization in firms’ operational processes. Additional attempt is required to integrate all functions of the enterprise with in organizational perspective. The main contributions of this paper lie in proposing empirical research that supports service innovation capability, service value creation capability, and digitalization in the case of tourism enterprises.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the innovation performance of G20 countries in 2018-2022 with multi criteria decision making methods. When the 5-year performance was analyzed, it was also revealed whether the COVID-19 outbreak has an impact on the innovation performance of the countries. Methodology: An integrated LOPCOW (Logarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting) - MAIRCA (Multi Attribute Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis) method was applied in the study. First, the indicators representing innovation performance (institutions, human capital, and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge and technology outputs, creative outputs) was objectively weighted by the LOPCOW method. Then, the innovation performance of G20 countries was calculated with the MAIRCA method. Finally, a comparative analysis was also presented to support the findings. Findings: As a result of the innovation performance analysis using multi criteria decision making methods, human capital, and research were found to be the most important indicators, and the United States was found to be the country with the best innovation performance. In the sensitivity and comparative analysis, it was concluded that the integrated LOPCOW-MAIRCA method provides robust outputs. Originality: This study makes original contributions by analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the innovation performance of countries considering the 2018-2022 period and the integrated multi criteria decision making methods it uses that have not yet been applied in the literature.

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to rank the factors affecting the innovation productivity of enterprises. Methodology: The Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which gives successful results in modelling uncertainty and uses Pythagorean fuzzy sets, is used to rank the factors affecting innovation productivity according to their importance. Findings: In the application part of study firstly, the factors affecting the innovation productivity were determined and as a result of expert evaluations, the steps of the method were applied and the factors were ranked according to their importance. Finally, the most important factors were determined by performing a sensitivity analysis. When the results obtained from the study are examined, it has been determined that the factor of preparing the technology roadmap affects the innovation productivity the most, while the sector and market structure affect the innovation productivity the least among the determined factors. Originality: It is the first study in the literature in which the factors affecting innovation productivity are determined and ranked according to their importance.